SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Agricultural Contracts and Alternative Marketing Options: A Matching Analysis

Katchova, Ani L..

The increasing use of agricultural contracts and processor concentration raises concerns that processors may offer lower contract prices in absence of local competition. This study examines the price competitiveness of marketing and production contracts depending on the availability of alternative marketing options. A propensity score matching method is used to compare prices using contract data from a farm-level national survey. The results show that the absence of other contractors or spot markets in producers’ areas does not lead to statistically significant price differences in agricultural contracts for most commodities, providing evidence that most agricultural processors do not exercise market power by reducing prices when other local buyers are not...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Alternative marketing options; Local competition; Marketing contracts; Production contracts; Propensity score matching; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; Q13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90672

Katchova, Ani L..

The increasing use of agricultural contracts and processor concentration raises concerns that processors may offer lower contract prices in absence of competition from other local contractors and spot markets. This study examines the price competitiveness of marketing and production contracts depending on the availability of alternative marketing options. A propensity score matching method is used to compare prices using contract data from a farm-level national survey. The results show that the absence of other contractors or spot markets in producers’ areas does not lead to significant price differences in agricultural contracts for most commodities, providing evidence that most agricultural processors do not exercise market power by reducing prices...

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Rural Poverty: Application of an Endogenous Switching Regression for Selected East African Countries

Palavras-chave: Alternative marketing options; Local competition; Marketing contracts; Production contracts; Agricultural prices; Propensity score matching; Agribusiness; Marketing.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6336

Asfaw, Solomon; Shiferaw, Bekele A..

Achieving agricultural growth and development and thereby improving rural household welfare will require increased efforts to provide yield enhancing and natural resources conserving technologies. Agricultural research and technological improvements are therefore crucial to increase agricultural productivity and thereby reduce poverty. However evaluation of the impact of these technologies on rural household welfare have been very limited by lack of appropriate methods and most of previous research has therefore failed to move beyond estimating economic surplus and return to research investment. This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of modern agricultural technologies on rural household welfare measured by crop income and consumption...

Are Organic Farmers Really Better Off Than Conventional Farmers?

Palavras-chave: Rural household welfare; Technology adoption; Propensity score matching; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C13; C15; O32; O38.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97049

Hiroki, Uematsu; Mishra, Ashok K..

We employed the propensity score matching and estimated the causal effect of being certified organic crop producers on farm household income and its various components in the United States. Contrary to the standard assumption in economic analysis, certified organic farmers do not earn significantly higher household income than conventional farmers. Certified organic crop producers earn higher revenue but they incur higher production expenses. In particular, certified organic producers spend significantly more on labor expenses, insurance payments, and marketing charges than conventional farmers. The results suggest that early adopters of organic farmers have done so for non pecuniary reasons and the lack of economic incentives can be an important barrier...

Do Exports Raise Productivity? Plant-level Evidence from the Colombian Agri-food Industries

Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Propensity score matching; Nearest neighbor matching; Average treatment effect; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Marketing; Q10; Q13; J43; C21.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103862

Kandilov, Ivan T.; Liu, Xiangping.

Using detailed plant-level manufacturing Census data from the Colombian Agri-food industries, we show that exports raise plant-level productivity by about 15 to 20 percent. However, the estimates reveal that efficiency in plants that become persistent exporters, i.e. plants that service foreign markets at least 30 percent of the time during our sample years 1981-1991, increases about 30 percent upon their entry into foreign markets, while productivity in plants that become only occasional exporters does not change at all. Hence, the positive impact of exports on productivity for is driven by the large positive impact on persistent exporters. To identify the effect of exports on plant-level productivity we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (2003) measure of...

Do the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs Improve Children’s Dietary Quality?

Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Difference-in-differences; Propensity score matching; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q17; F12; Q12; O33.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103632

Campbell, Benjamin L.; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Silva, Andres; Park, John L..

Economic Development Impacts of Wind Turbine Development in U.S. Counties

Palavras-chave: Propensity score matching; National School Lunch Program; National School Breakfast Program; NHANES; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49440

Brown, Jason P.; Hoen, Ben; Lantz, Eric; Pender, John L.; Wiser, Ryan.

Replaced with revised version of poster 07/07/11.

Estimating the Value of Groundwater in Irrigation

Palavras-chave: Wind turbine; Propensity score matching; Spatial lag model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q21; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103437

Brozovic, Nicholas; Islam, Shahnila.

In recent years there has been increasing regulation of agricultural water use in order to reduce transboundary and environmental water conflicts. Effective policy analysis needs to have tools to estimate correctly the value of irrigation water. Irrigating land increases crop yields and this higher profitability should be capitalized into the sales price of the land. For irrigation that depends on surface water rights, studies have found this to be the case (Xu et al. 1993, Faux and Perry 1999). However, studies that have analyzed the value of groundwater in irrigation have found mixed results. Hartman and Taylor (1989) and Sunderland, Libbin and Torell (1987) find that groundwater irrigation has no significant effect on land prices; Torrell et al. (1990)...

Evaluating the Effects of Farm Programs: Results from Propensity Score Matching

Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Hedonics; Propensity score matching; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61337

Pufahl, Andrea; Weiss, Christoph R..

The paper applies a non-parametric propensity score matching approach to evaluate the effects of two types of farm programs (agri-environment (AE) programs and the less favoured area (LFA) scheme) on input use and farm output of individual farms in Germany. The analysis reveals a positive and significant treatment effect of the LFA scheme for farm sales and the area under cultivation. Participants in AE schemes are found to significantly increase the area under cultivation (in particular grassland), resulting in a decrease of livestock densities. Furthermore, participation in AE programs significantly reduced the purchase of farm chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide). We also find substantial differences in the treatment effect between individual farms...

Evaluating the Effects of Farm Programs: Results from Propensity Score Matching

Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Farm programs; Propensity score matching; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6635

Pufahl, Andrea; Weiss, Christoph R..

Exploiting spatial and temporal variations in residential subdivision development to identify urban growth spillovers

Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Farm programs; Propensity score matching; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44149

Towe, Charles A.; Klaiber, H. Allen; Wrenn, Douglas H.; Newburn, David A.; Irwin, Elena G..

Minimum lot size zoning requirements are a frequent policy tool used to restrict the density and location of residential development. Zoning regulations are typically instituted and adopted locally, often with limited input from surrounding jurisdictions. Autonomous local land use regulations that constrain some, but not all development within a region create discrete differences in the returns to development across otherwise similar locations and are hypothesized to lead to a lower density, more scattered land development pattern. We examine the rural down-zoning policy in Baltimore County, Maryland in 1976 and its potential effect on creating urban growth spillovers in the adjacent counties. Using propensity score matching methods combined with a...

Farm Structure and the Effects of Agri-Environmental Programs: Results from a Matching Analysis for European Countries

Palavras-chave: Down-zoning; Propensity score matching; Low density development; Housing supply; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104010

Pufahl, Andrea; Weiss, Christoph R..

This paper extends previous research (Pufahl and Weiss, 2009) and applies a semi-parametric propensity score matching approach to evaluate the effects of agrienvironment (AE) programs on input use and farm output of individual farms in eight Member States of the European Union. We find substantial differences in treatment effects between countries. The analysis reveals significant effects of AE participation on production (Germany, France) and farm profits (France, Ireland, United Kingdom). AE participation sporadically reduces the intensity of land use as measured by the purchase of farm chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide) and grazing livestock densities. We also find differences in the treatment effect among farms with different farm size (heterogeneous...

Foreign Takeovers and Wages: Theory and Evidence from Hungary

Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Agri-environment programs; Propensity score matching; Germany; Italy; Spain; France; Portugal; United Kingdom; The Netherlands; EU-15; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52997

Csengodi, Sandor; Jungnickel, Rolf; Urban, Dieter.

This study discriminates FDI technology spillover from learning effects. Whenever learning takes time, our model predicts that foreign investors deduct the economic value of learning from wages of inexperienced workers and add it to experienced ones to prevent them from moving to local competitors. Hence, the national wage bill is unaffected by foreign takeovers. In contrast to learning, technology spillover effects occur whenever a worker with MNE experience contributes more to local firms' than to MNEs' productivity. In this case, experienced MNE workers are hired by local firms and the host country obtains a welfare gain. We investigate empirically wages, productivity, and worker turnover during the course of foreign takeovers on employee-employer...

From the Ground Up: Impacts of a Pro-Poor Community-Driven Development Project in Nigeria

Palavras-chave: FDI; Foreign takeover; Cross-border M&A; Wage regression; Employee-employer matched data; Propensity score matching; FDI technology spillover; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F2; J3.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26278

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Yahaya, Muhammed Kuta; Adebowale, Gbenga; Arokoyo, Tunji; Kato, Edward.

The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the...

Investigating the Role of Poultry in Livelihoods and the Impact of HPAI on Livelihoods Outcomes in Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Community driven development; Poverty reduction; Propensity score matching; Difference-in-difference; Fadama; And Nigeria; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42344

Birol, Ekin; Asare-Marfo, Dorene; Ayele, Gezahegn; Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi; Ndirangu, Lydia K.; Okpukpara, Benjamin; Roy, Devesh; Yakhshilikov, Yorbol.

In this paper we investigate the role of poultry in the livelihoods portfolios of households and the impact of supply and demand shocks that may be caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on various livelihoods outcomes of households in four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study countries include Ethiopia and Kenya in East Africa and Ghana and Nigeria in West Africa. These countries represent a spectrum of SSA countries in terms of disease status, role of poultry sector and means of disease spread. By using nationally representative household level secondary data and discrete choice methods (probit model and zero inflated negative binomial model) we profile the household, farm and regional characteristics of those households who are...

Is There Persistence in the Impact of Emergency Food Aid? Evidence on Consumption, Food Security, and Assets in Rural Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI); Demand shock; Supply shock; Livelihoods; Probit model; Zero inflated negative binomial model; Propensity score matching; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97084

Gilligan, Daniel O.; Hoddinott, John.

The primary goal of emergency food aid after an economic shock is often to bolster short-term food and nutrition security. However, these transfers also act as insurance against other shock effects, such as destruction of assets and changes in economic activity, which can have lasting deleterious consequences. Although existing research provides some evidence of small positive impacts of timely food aid disbursements after a shock on current food consumption and aggregate consumption, little is known about whether these transfers play a safety net role by reducing vulnerability and protecting assets into the future. We investigate this issue by exploring the presence of persistent impacts of two major food aid programs following the 2002 drought in...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food aid; Treatment effects; Propensity score matching; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55895

Livestock Banks and Food Security in Laos

Begg, Michael; Santos, Paulo.

The literature analysing the impacts of livestock banks is limited to a small number of papers, mostly of a qualitative nature. This paper contributes to the knowledge on the impacts of this type of intervention on short- term household food security through the analysis of original data form 112 households that participated in a pig bank in Laos. Taking advantage of the staggered implementation of the program, we use propensity score matching the show that receiving pigs reduces household rice production by approximately 34 percent in the first harvest after participation commenced. However, the effects are differentiated across initial wealth status of the beneficiary: if the household was classified as being poor before the start of the program,...

Ökonometrische Methoden der Politikevaluation: Meilenstein für eine sinnvolle Agrarpolitik der 2. Säule oder akademische Fingerübung?

Palavras-chave: Laos; Livestock banks; Rice production; Propensity score matching; International Development.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58883

Henning, Christian H.C.A.; Michalek, Jerzy.

Recently the importance of a comprehensive policy evaluation has been increasingly recognized by international organizations, e.g. the World Bank, OECD and FAO as well as especially by the EU. In particular, for agricultural policies of the second pillar a comprehensive evaluation is obligatory. However, presently applied evaluation techniques are clearly lagging behind the ambiguous evaluation targets set by the EU Commission. Given the fact that a comprehensive policy evaluation is a very complex methodological challenge this discrepancy is not really surprising. Thus, nowadays it is still fair to conclude that adequate evaluation tools applicable to EU rural development policies do not exist yet. In this context this paper derives microeconometric...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Policy evaluation; Propensity score matching; Second pillar of the CAP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97600

Preliminary Impacts of a New Seasonal Work Program on Rural Household Incomes in the Pacific

Gibson, John; McKenzie, David.

Seasonal work programs are increasingly advocated by international aid agencies as a way of enabling both developed and developing countries to benefit from migration. They are argued to provide workers with new skills and allow them to send remittances home, without the receiving country having to worry about long-term assimilation and the source country worrying about permanent loss of skills. However, formal evidence as to the development impact of seasonal worker programs is nonexistent. This paper provides the first such evaluation, studying New Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer (RSE) program which allows Pacific Island migrants to work in horticulture and viticulture in New Zealand for up to seven months per year. We use baseline and...

Returns from Income Strategies in Rural Poland

Palavras-chave: Propensity score matching; Rural household incomes; Seasonal work programs; Labor and Human Capital; J61; O15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50101

Falkowski, Jan; Jakubowski, Maciej; Strawinski, Pawel.

In order to stabilize and improve their income situation, rural households are strongly encouraged to diversify their activities both in and outside the agricultural sector. Most often, however, this phenomenon takes on only moderate proportions. This paper addresses issues of rural households’ income diversification in the case of Poland. It investigates returns from rural households’ income strategies using propensity score matching methods and extensive datasets spanning 1998-2008. Results suggest that returns from combining farm and off-farm activities were lower than returns from specialization, namely, concentrating on farming or on off-farm activities. Generally, farming seems to be the most attractive option for rural households and income...